Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives by an efficient volcanic-based hybrid nanocomposite

Abstract

A novel hybrid nanocomposite made of cellulose matrix and pumice volcanic rock as a nature basis is presented. This heterogeneous nanocomposite is has also been applied as a suitable biodegradable catalytic system for facilitating the organic reactions. In this work, firstly we try to perform well characterization on the prepared cellulose/pumice nanocomposite. Further, the catalytic activity of cellulose/pumice nanocomposite is investigated in the synthesis reactions of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Moreover, the role of ultrasound wave irradiation (using an ultrasound bath with 60 KHz and 150 W L−1) in catalyzing the synthetic reactions is precisely monitored. In summary, great synergistic catalytic effect between cellulose/pumice nanocomposite and ultrasound waves has led to obtain high reaction yields (97%) in short reaction times (10 min), under mild conditions.