Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Sudden fire accident is one of the most serious issue, which is mainly caused by unpredicted internal short circuit. Metal particle defect is a key factor in internal short circuit it will not show an obvious abnormal change in battery external characteristic just like mechanical and thermal abuse. So, a non-destructive testing of battery internal metal defect is very necessary. This study is first time to scan and analyze different types of defects inside a battery by using ultrasonic technology, and it shows the detection capability boundary of this methodology. A non-contact ultrasonic scanning system with multi-channel was built to scan the battery sample with aluminum foil, copper foil and copper powder defects. The position and shape of those defects were clearly shown by using tomography methodology. It was found that the acoustic properties difference between metal defects and battery active materials has a strong influence on detection sensitivity. Compared with aluminum foil, copper foil and copper powder are easier to be detected and change the ultrasonic signal greatly, they will produce an obvious shadowing artifacts and speed displacement phenomena in tomography images. Ultrasonic tomography technology is an effective method for non-destructive testing of lithium-ion batteries.
Highlights
Characterized by high energy densities, wide operating voltage windows, and long service lifetimes, lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) are vital energy storage devices in new-energy vehicles and electronic products (Han et al, 2019)
Because the Al–plastic film was relatively thin and the battery was well vacuumed during the preparation process, the ultrasonic signals almost directly penetrated the area devoid of the jelly roll with nearly no obstruction
Clear battery edges surrounded by ghosting artifacts can be seen in each C-scan image, and these can be attributed to the cathode plate being slightly larger than the anode plate
Summary
Characterized by high energy densities, wide operating voltage windows, and long service lifetimes, lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) are vital energy storage devices in new-energy vehicles and electronic products (Han et al, 2019). Ultrasonic Detection of LIB abuse (e.g., overcharging) is identifiable and preventable when the battery management system is in normal operation, while ISCs and IBDs are problems that are hidden more deeply. In contrast to mechanical and thermal abuse that leads to significant abnormal changes in external battery parameters (e.g., voltage or temperature), ISCs and IBDs are more likely to cause unexpected safety accidents (Mohanty et al, 2016; David et al, 2018)
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