Abstract
The results obtained by Ukrainian researchers on the justification, development, and application of ultrasonic nondestructive methods (UNDMs) for evaluating stresses in structural members and near-surface layers of materials are briefly discussed. A distinguishing feature of Ukrainian methods is that they are capable of determining triaxial (including biaxial and uniaxial as partial cases) stresses, unlike non-Ukrainian methods applicable only to uniaxial stresses. The UNDMs are based on the laws of wave propagation in solids with initial (residual) stresses, including the laws of Rayleigh wave propagation. The results discussed were obtained in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics and E. O. Paton Institute of Electric Welding)
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