Abstract
This study investigates the different types of ultrasonic inspection, when applied to assess the impact damage in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic CFRP laminates. The study surveys the two most used ultrasonic testing approaches first; namely the pulse-echo and the through-transmission modes. Then, the manuscript discusses and analyzes the enhanced ultrasonic testing methods that use the polar scattering, the thickness independent techniques, air-coupled, and the techniques based on the Ultrasonic Rayleigh and Lamb Waves. Additionally, presented study demonstrates some of these techniques to test a CFRP sample with embedded defects, along with the processing required for the acquired results such as the wavelet transformation.
Highlights
Composite materials have been competitive alternatives to traditional metallic materials for a while, due to their lower density, higher stiffness, higher strength, and better fatigue resistance when compared to steel or aluminum
This study investigates the different types of ultrasonic inspection, when applied to assess the impact damage in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) laminates
Presented study demonstrates some of these techniques to test a CFRP sample with embedded defects, along with the processing required for the acquired results such as the wavelet transformation
Summary
Composite materials have been competitive alternatives to traditional metallic materials for a while, due to their lower density, higher stiffness, higher strength, and better fatigue resistance when compared to steel or aluminum. It has been stated that Ultrasonic NDE techniques are necessarily used to examine the first two modes when defects are still invisible This presented manuscript starts by investigating two conventional methods of ultrasonic testing that include through-transmission and pulse-echo techniques, for evaluating matrix cracks and delaminations caused by impact loading. Based on conventional ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques, the application of polar backscattering gives a better understanding of matrix cracking conditions through the laminate thickness. During the recent decade some advanced ultrasonic techniques have been developed and studied on detecting impact damage of laminated composites in the effort of exploring more capable and practical methods for in-situ inspection work. Presented study will demonstrate a preliminary experimental work of applying the ultrasonic pulse-echo methods for detecting inner defects in a CFRP laminate sample. The technique behind the evaluation gate is referred to as thickness segmentation (Steiner, 1992)
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