Abstract
Objective: Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seeds are known to contain resveratrol, which are classified as a phenolic compound of the stilbenoid. Melinjoseeds have high water content, making them unstable to be stored for prolonged periods with open packaging at room temperature. The present studyaimed to explore the use of ultrasonic-assisted extraction with a betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) for resveratrol extraction fromirradiated melinjo seeds.Methods: The best betaine-based NADES component was identified among betaine-urea, betaine-lactic acid, and betaine-malic acid. Optimization ofextraction methods was performed using the best NADES and extraction variables such as time of extraction, water percentage, and sample: solventratio. The outcome of extraction was evaluated by measuring resveratrol content using high-performance liquid chromatography and the results wereanalyzed using response surface methodology.Results: The best betaine-based NADES was found to be betaine-lactic acid, yielding a resveratrol content of 0.3344 mg/g powder. The optimumextraction was achieved in 10 min with 60% water and a sample: solvent ratio of 1:10, yielding a resveratrol content of 0.227 mg/g powder.Conclusion: Betaine-based NADES can be purposed as an alternative solvent for resveratrol extraction from irradiated melinjo seeds.
Highlights
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is an open-seeded plant (Gymnospermae) of the Gnetaceae family [1]
Optimization of extraction conditions The best extraction condition based on the results of data processing using Design Expert 10.0 Box–Behnken design was run 6, which used 10 min of extraction time, 60% water, and a sample: solvent ratio of 1:10, yielding a resveratrol content of 0.227 mg/g powder (Table 1)
Effect of temperature Tests on samples extracted without heating resulted in an average resveratrol level of 0.111 mg/g powder
Summary
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is an open-seeded plant (Gymnospermae) of the Gnetaceae family [1]. It has a wide distribution and is easy to find in many areas. Melinjo seeds contain resveratrol, which are classified as a stilbenoid phenolic compound [4]. Melinjo can be used as raw material for consumable herbal products, which can provide many health benefits [6]. The quality of melinjo plants to be used as raw material for herbal products is an important consideration, because it can affect the quality of the products. Reducing contamination of melinjo is essential to ensure quality of such herbal products; one useful method in this regard is irradiation [6]. Gamma-ray irradiation can trigger chemical or physiological changes that affect the water content of the extract [7]
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