Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was employed for highly efficient separation of aroma oil from raspberry seeds. A central composite design with two variables and five levels was employed and effects of process variables of sonication time and extraction temperature on oil recovery and quality were investigated. Optimal conditions predicted by response surface methodology were sonication time of 37 min and extraction temperature of 54°C. Specifically, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was able to provide a higher content of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, whereas conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE) resulted in a higher amount of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, raspberry seed oil contained abundant amounts of edible linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which suggest raspberry seeds could be valuable edible sources of natural γ-linolenic acid products. In comparison with SE, UAE exerted higher free radical scavenging capacities. In addition, UAE significantly blocked H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
Highlights
Raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel), referred as bokbunja in Korea, belongs to the family of Rosaceae and is distributed only in southeast Asian countries, especially in southern parts of the Korean peninsula, China, and Japan[1,2]
Ethanol was selected as the appropriate extraction medium, and further Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) optimization study for raspberry seed oil focused on 2 important process variables of sonication time and extraction temperature
Sonication time and extraction temperature were considered as the main significant variables in the UAE process for raspberry seed oil extraction
Summary
Raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel), referred as bokbunja in Korea, belongs to the family of Rosaceae and is distributed only in southeast Asian countries, especially in southern parts of the Korean peninsula, China, and Japan[1,2]. Raspberry fruits are popularly consumed in fresh and frozen forms and as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, yogurts, beverages, jams, jellies, and wines [3,4]. Raspberry seeds are an important byproduct in the production process of raspberry wines and juices, but usually be discarded and underexploited. Various researchers have discovered that raspberry seed oil may be a promising biomaterial with various beneficial properties. Johansson et al [5] reported.
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