Abstract
Conventional camera modules require mechanical moving parts to move their lenses and to adjust their focal points. This paper examines optically tunable lenses with a focal length and lens aperture that can be controlled using ultrasound vibration and a transparent gel. The lens uses the acoustic radiation force, which induces changes in the lens profile; varifocal convex and concave lenses can be fabricated by adjusting the input signals. The optical characteristics of the lenses were evaluated using ray tracing simulations. The aperture can be controlled with the driving frequency, with higher frequencies leading to a wider range of focal length changes with a lower input voltage.
Published Version
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