Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Renal Function Decline in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Jimena Rey-García,Helena Sandoval-Insausti,José Ramón Banegas,Carolina Donat-Vargas,Ana Bayan-Bravo,Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo,Pilar Guallar-Castillón,Belén Moreno-Franco

doi:10.3390/nu13020428

Abstract

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. However, little is known on the UPF effect on renal function. The aim of this study is to assess prospectively the association between consumption of UPF and renal function decline. This is a prospective cohort study of 1312 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older recruited during 2008–2010 and followed up to December 2015. At baseline, a validated dietary history was obtained. UPF was identified according to NOVA classification. At baseline and at follow-up, serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were ascertained and changes were calculated. A combined end-point of renal decline was considered: SCr increase or eGFR decreased beyond that expected for age. Logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders was performed. During follow-up, 183 cases of renal function decline occurred. The fully adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of renal function decline across terciles of percentage of total energy intake from UPF were 1.56 (1.02–2.38) for the second tercile, and 1.74 (1.14–2.66) for the highest tercile; p-trend was 0.026. High UPF consumption is independently associated with an increase higher than 50% in the risk of renal function decline in Spanish older adults.

Highlights

Renal function shows a steady decline when ageing [1]. This decline might be increased under different circumstances, even leading to the development of a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). [2] CKD affects
Among the 1312 participants (51% women; mean age 67 ± 5.5), 183 cases of renal function decline occurred by the end of the 6-year follow-up
This study found that participants with the highest Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption at baseline have around a 50% higher risk of renal function decline compared to participants with the lowest consumption after adjusting for a series of demographic, lifestyle as well as clinical and biological covariates

Summary

Introduction

Renal function shows a steady decline when ageing [1]. This decline might be increased under different circumstances (such as the presence of cardiovascular risk factors), even leading to the development of a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). [2] CKD affects10% of the world’s population [3] and ranks in the top ten non-communicable diseases contributing to disability and premature death [4]. Renal function shows a steady decline when ageing [1]. This decline might be increased under different circumstances (such as the presence of cardiovascular risk factors), even leading to the development of a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). CKD is linked to high health care costs, a poor quality of life, serious adverse health outcomes [5,6] such as cardiovascular disease, renal failure requiring replacement therapy, infection, or depression, as well as mortality [3]. The decline in the renal function has substantial clinical and therapeutic consequences among the elderly, as well as public health relevance. The extent to which age-related renal decline is preventable remains controversial [8]

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