Ultralight, shapeable, and superhydrophobic polyacrylonitrile/polybenzoxazine aerogel for high oil-water separation capacity

Abstract

Environmental and human health are significantly threatened by oily wastewater emission and oil spills. Polymeric porous aerogels are ideal materials to absorb oils or organic solvents selectively, thereby mitigating environmental pollution and protecting human health. In this study, a shapeable, super-hydrophobic, polyacrylonitrile fiber/polybenzoxazine (PAN/PBOZ) aerogel with high oil-water separation ability were successful designed. The preparation process of PAN/PBOZ aerogel is as follows: Firstly, PAN micro-nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, and then benzoxazine was uniformly dispersed into PAN fibers. After freeze-drying and thermal curing, the aerogel was obtained. For comparative analysis, a pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber aerogel is also presented. The resulting PAN/PBOZ aerogel exhibits ultralight (0.017 g/cm3), remarkable hydrophobicity, as evidenced by a water contact angle of 156°, high adsorption capacity up to 157.7 g/g for oil or organic solvents, and a high water-in-oil emulsion separation flux (9718 ± 45 L m−2 h−1) efficiently. Notably, the rigid cross-linking structure of PBOZ and the toughness structure of PAN make the aerogel exhibit synergistic strengthening and toughening effects. When the PAN/PBOZ fiber aerogel is compressed to 60 %, an outstanding recovery stability of its original size is displayed. While the springback of pure PAN fiber aerogel is poor under the same compression test condition. In conclusion, this study provides a preparation method and design concept of aerogel that can meet the requirements of low density, high toughness and high oil adsorption capacity. The rationally designed PAN/PBOZ aerogel shows significant potential for practical applications in treating oily and organic wastewater.