Abstract
Laser-driven ultrafast electron emission offers the possibility of manipulation and control of coherent electron motion in ultrashort spatiotemporal scales. Here, an analytical solution is constructed for the highly nonlinear electron emission from a dc biased metal surface illuminated by a single frequency laser, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation exactly. The solution is valid for arbitrary combinations of dc electric field, laser electric field, laser frequency, metal work function and Fermi level. Various emission mechanisms, such as multiphoton absorption or emission, optical or dc field emission, are all included in this single formulation. The transition between different emission processes is analyzed in detail. The time-dependent emission current reveals that intense current modulation may be possible even with a low intensity laser, by merely increasing the applied dc bias. The results provide insights into the electron pulse generation and manipulation for many novel applications based on ultrafast laser-induced electron emission.
Highlights
We have presented an exact solution to laser induced strong-field electron emission from a metal surface under dc bias
The solution takes the general form of the superposition of electron plane waves with ladder-state energies separated by the photon energy ω coupled to the electron’s initial energy
It is found that increasing the dc bias F0 would increase the electron emission, by opening up more channels, including the processes such as multiphoton absorption, optical tunneling, multiphoton emission, and field emission
Summary
We have presented an exact solution to laser induced strong-field electron emission from a metal surface under dc bias. We analytically solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with both a single frequency oscillating field F1cosωt and a static electric field F0. The solution takes the general form of the superposition of electron plane waves with ladder-state energies (channels) separated by the photon energy ω coupled to the electron’s initial energy.
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