Abstract
1. SMZ-type all-optical switches Several types of picosecond-to-femtosecond-class all-optical switchings at repetition frequencies from 10 GHz to over 100 GHz have been successfully achieved in the last 4-5 years with using semiconductor waveguide devices, in spite of the relatively long carrier relaxation times (50 ps to 1 ns) of conventional bulk-semiconductor materials. Such ultrahigh-speed switchings are possible with specific switch structures, i.e. Symmetric-MachZehnder (SMZ)-type switch structures [1-3], because the slow carrier-relaxation-induced decay components can be completely cancelled out at an optical interference (between two-split mutually-delayed signal components) inside these switches. Both the rise and fall times of their switching windows can basically be shortened with the width of optical input control pulses.
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