Abstract
Photon-induced ultrafast energy dissipation in small isolated ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been studied by two-color pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy. The time-resolved photoelectron spectra clearly trace the path from a single-electron excitation to a thermalized cluster via both inelastic electron-electron scattering and electron-vibrational coupling. The relatively short electron-electron-scattering time of 215 fs results from the narrow energy spread of the partially filled d levels in this transition-metal cluster. The relaxation dynamics is discussed in view of the cluster size and in comparison to the totally different relaxation behavior of $s/p$-metal clusters.
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