Abstract
We discuss how the internal structure of ultracold molecules, trapped in the motional ground state of optical tweezers, can be used to implement qudits. We explore the rotational, fine and hyperfine structure of 40Ca19F and 87Rb133Cs, which are examples of molecules with 2Σ and 1Σ electronic ground states, respectively. In each case we identify a subset of levels within a single rotational manifold suitable to implement a four-level qudit. Quantum gates can be implemented using two-photon microwave transitions via levels in a neighboring rotational manifold. We discuss limitations to the usefulness of molecular qudits, arising from off-resonant excitation and decoherence. As an example, we present a protocol for using a molecular qudit of dimension d = 4 to perform the Deutsch algorithm.
Highlights
Quantum computation has the potential to outperform conventional computation for certain challenging problems [1]
In each case we identify a subset of levels within a single rotational manifold suitable to implement a 4-level qudit
We present a protocol for using a molecular qudit of dimension d = 4 to perform the Deutsch algorithm
Summary
The internal structure of molecules is very rich, even in the electronic and vibrational ground state, because of the presence of molecular rotation, electron spin and nuclear spins. We describe the internal structure of diatomic molecules in 2Σ and 1Σ electronic states. 1Σ is the electronic ground state of molecules formed by associating two alkali atoms [39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49]. Molecules formed by associating an alkali atom and a closed-shell atom [79, 80, 81] will have 2Σ ground states. We consider the specific cases of 40Ca19F and 87Rb133Cs molecules
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