Abstract
This chapter examines ultracold dipolar gases. First, it discusses the general properties of dipole–dipole interaction and explains how ultracold dipolar systems can be realized in experiments. The chapter reviews the properties of ultracold trapped dipolar Bose gases, pointing out the appearance of the roton minimum in the excitation spectrum. It then moves on to dipolar gases in a lattice, and investigates the corresponding extended Hubbard models. Dipolar bosons in a 2D optical lattice are discussed within the Gutzwiller approximation in more detail, with an emphasis on the appearance of multiple metastable states. Next, the chapter considers quantum Monte Carlo studies of dipolar gases, and discusses some further dipolar effects, which can be realized with cold atoms.
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