Abstract
The article is devoted to reflecting the importance of a handwritten Ukrainian-language textbook for primary education, created by Boris Grinchenko, in order to form educated and cultured Ukrainians in their non-state life in the Russian Empire (last third of the XIX century – the beginning of the XX century). It is substantiated that B. Grinchenko (1863–1910) argued for the urgent need to teach Ukrainian children in their native language in a textbook that contains educational material close to them, because it corresponds to their mentality, nature and life experience. He used Ukrainian folklore in his textbook, which he began to collect in the villages at a young age: fables, stories, proverbs, riddles, jokes, proverbs, songs, fairy tales. The activist believed that didactic material, which is accessible in content and important for their nationally oriented upbringing, is rooted in the moral and spiritual traditions of the Ukrainian people, corresponds to the Ukrainian archetype, and therefore has a positive effect on the socially important formation of pupils' national identity. B. Grinchenko's didactic approaches to the implementation of nationally oriented education of peasants and their children by means of a Ukrainian-language textbook created on the basis of samples of folklore material are revealed.
Highlights
The problem of creating school textbooks and popular science literature for the national school and education of Ukrainians in different historical periods was solved in different ways
Under the pressure of the Russificationist educational policy of the Russian Empire, its fear of separatist movements in Ukraine, by the beginning of the XIX century Ukrainian schools in Ukraine already existed, and the Ukrainian language remained in use mainly by the rural population
It should be noted that Borys Grinchenko (1863–1910) lived and worked in the most tragic times of Ukrainian history, when the Valuev-Emsk’s bans on everything Ukrainian came into force in the Russian Empire
Summary
The problem of creating school textbooks and popular science literature for the national school and education of Ukrainians in different historical periods was solved in different ways. For the vast majority of Ukrainian pupils, Russian was not their native language, so both textbooks and teaching aids were incomprehensible to them, did not meet their natural and mental ideas and needs, and the learning process itself did not take into account cultural achievements and historical traditions of the Ukrainian people. Such education did not contribute to the development of the spiritual and intellectual potential of the Ukrainian nation. That is why the struggle of conscious Ukrainian public figures for the Ukrainian school and the creation of Ukrainian-language textbooks and books in various fields of knowledge that would provide nationally oriented content of education and basic education of the people, was one of the main tasks of nationally oriented public figures
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