Uji Toksisitas Ranting Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Abstract

Pencil tree plant (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) is a traditional plant that is know to have many benefits and has been used as traditional medicine by Indonesian people. This current research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and toxicity of pencil tree (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) branch fraction. The research method used is multilevel maceration exstraction using three solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. In the meantime, the toxicity test is carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina Leach larvae as test animal. In addition, the determination of LC50 value is carried out by calculating the mortality rate of the larvae after administration of fraction for 24 hours which are analyzed by the probit analysis using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. The research findings reveal that the phytochemical screening of n-hexane fraction contains flavonoids and tannins,ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids, tannins, and steroids and ethanol fraction contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Additionally, the toxicity test show the LC50 value of ethanol fraction is 13.2305 mg/ml, the ethyl acetate fraction is 124,2041 mg/ml, and n-hexane fraction is 95,5319 mg/ml. in brief, all fraction are in the very toxic category.