Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium causing disease in humans and animals. In broilers it cause septicemia, tendosinovitis, dermatitis, endocarditis, wound infections and arthritis and bumblefoot. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause disease depends on the virulence factors they bear. The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of pigment production type and the existence of genes of polysaccharide capsule phenotype and genotype as determinant factor of virulence of bacteria on 15 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from broiler. Pigment production test showed that 86.7% of isolates producing yellow pigment and 13.3% isolates produce orange pigment. The detection of polysaccharide capsules was phenotypically performed with hydrophobicity test with serum soft agar medium (SSA) showed 53.3% isolate grow compact and 46,7% isolate grown difuse and hydrophobicity test by salt aggregation test method (SAT) showed 66,7% hydrophil and 33.3% are hydrophobic. Genotype detection of polysaccharide capsule genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed 66.7% detected cap5 (amplicon 361bp) and 33.3% detected cap8 (173bp ampliole). The type of pigment production and the presence of polysaccharide capsules are some of the virulent factors in Staphylococcus aureus.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium causing disease in humans and animals
The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of pigment production type and the existence of genes of polysaccharide capsule phenotype and genotype as determinant factor of virulence of bacteria on 15 isolates of S. aureus from broiler
Pigment production test showed that 86.7% of isolates producing yellow pigment and 13.3% isolates produce orange pigment
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri patogen yang dapat menyerang manusia dan hewan (Khan et al, 2013; Gu et al, 2013), serta pada unggas (Marquez et al, 2009). Infeksi S. aureus telah menjadi masalah dalam industri peternakan unggas (McNamee dan Smyth, 2000), karena menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi (Aziza et al, 2013). Pada broiler menyebabkan angka kematian tinggi, menghambat pertumbuhan dan adanya peningkatan biaya pengobatan (Rasheed, 2011). Pada ayam petelur menyebabkan angka kematian tinggi, menghambat pertumbuhan bobot badan dan penurunan produksi telur (McNamee dan Smyth, 2000). Pada unggas bakteri S. aureus menyebabkan artritis, osteomielitis, sinovitis, selulit, dermatitis, endokarditis, septikemia, infeksi kulit, optalmitis dan ompalitis (Shah et al, 2003; Smyth et al, 2005). Bakteri S. aureus memiliki faktor-faktor virulensi di antaranya jenis produksi pigmen (Liu et al, 2005), sifat hidrofobisitas (Wibawan dan Laemmler, 1991), keberadaan kapsul polisakarida (Vasconcelos dan Cunha, 2010). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi jenis pigmen yang diproduksi dan deteksi kapsul polisakarida permukaan secara fenotip dan genotip. Secara genotip dengan menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mendeteksi gen kapsular pada bakteri S. aureus isolat asal broiler
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