Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah Mencit (Mus musculus)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of blood sugar metabolism chronically characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Treatment of diabetes mellitus consists of four pillars: education, medical nutrition therapy (MNT), and physical and pharmacological therapies. One of the plants that can be used as a medicinal ingredient is guava leaves. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves are a group of herbal plants with a chemical content that is good for health. Therefore, guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves are plants that are efficacious as medicine. This plant contains secondary metabolites that act as antidiabetics. Thus, the research aimed to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves on the decrease in blood sugar levels in male mice. The research method employed was maceration, phytochemical screening, and antidiabetic testing with the pre-test and post-test control group design methods to determine if there was a decrease after administration of the extract. The findings indicated that the phytochemical screening test found that guava (Psidium guajava L.) contained secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. In contrast, the antidiabetic test revealed that three extracts with concentrations of 50 mg, 100 mg. and 200 mg could decrease blood sugar levels by 15%, 21%, and 47%, respectively. From these findings, it can be concluded that antidiabetic compounds which play a role in the ellanol extrict of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins.