Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a green strategy in which a collection of molecules with a great diversity are generated with a minimum of synthetic effort, time and by-products formation. The Ugi Multi-component reaction is a chemical reaction in which an aldehyde, an amine, a carboxylic acid and an isocyanide react to form a α-bisamide. In this work, we use the Ugi reaction, as an example of MCRs, to approach organic chemistry undergraduate students to sustainable reactions. This reaction can be carried out under on-water or solvent-free conditions, both at room temperature as in combination with microwave irradiation or ultrasound. The advantages and limitations of the usage of Ugi reaction, under these conditions, in an organic chemistry laboratory course are discussed. In this context, we used different parameters to calculate how environmentally friendly the assayed conditions are. The Chemical Manufacturing Methods for the 21st Century Pharmaceutical Industries (CHEM21 project) were used with this objective. The present work could contribute to the teaching of ecofriendly synthetic strategies, demonstrating the scientific and academic benefits of green chemistry.
Highlights
The education of chemists is ever-evolving and requires keeping up with the latest discoveries, concepts, perspectives and techniques in the field [1,2]
Sustainable solvents are one of the most active areas of Green Chemistry research [22]. They represent an important challenge for Green Chemistry because they often account for the vast majority of mass wasted in syntheses and processes, and account for most of the industrial waste [23,24]
Chemistry students must become aware of the impact of their work from the early stages of their training so that in their future, at industry or academia, they could promote the development of sustainable processes and environmentally friendly methodologies
Summary
The education of chemists is ever-evolving and requires keeping up with the latest discoveries, concepts, perspectives and techniques in the field [1,2]. Educating young scientists about use and benefits of sustainable methodologies could make a difference in their future careers as scientists and this could be critical to foster for a sustainable developing future. There are many alternative or “greener” reaction techniques that improve substantially the product yield, saving energy and minimizing waste [6,7,8]. Reactions using water as solvent or under solvent-free conditions in combination with microwave or ultrasound assisted organic synthetic techniques, are some of these new sustainable methodologies in chemical synthesis [9]. The chemical industry has invested high resources to reduce energy demands making innovative changes in synthetic reaction conditions (lower temperatures, reducing steps)
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