UCM flow across a melting surface in the presence of double stratification and cross-diffusion effects

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we analyzed the upper convected Maxwell fluid (UCM) flow across a horizontal melting surface in the presence of cross-diffusion and double stratification (thermal and solutal) effects. We reconstructed the controlling equations as a group of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then resolved by enforcing Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The influence of important parameters on the three common profiles (velocity, temperature, and concentration) is discussed through plots. Tables are utilized to discuss the wall friction, heat and mass transfer rates of both Newtonian and UCM flows. We witnessed that the thermal stratification, Soret number, Schmidt number and temperature dependent viscous parameter improve heat transfer rate. Setting the two flows side by side, it is worthy to mention that the temperature and concentration profiles looking high in the Newtonian fluid flow.