Abstract
This article introduces a practical approach to wirelessly charge underground Internet of things (UIoT) for soil monitoring using ultra high frequency (UHF) radio energy. In the proposed system, UIoT nodes do not require batteries or any aboveground attachments (e.g., solar panel). Instead, they harvest 915MHz radio energy emitted from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for semi-perpetual operation. The UIoT nodes utilize the harvested energy to measure soil parameters and transmit data back to the UAV using ZigBee protocol. After collecting the data from UIoTs, the UAV uploads it to a cloud server for online soil quality analysis. The system has been optimized for efficient operation, with a UAV transmit power as low as 2 watts. Startup, drive, and power management circuits have been designed to ensure reliable operation of UIoT nodes, even with low incident energy. According to experimental results, the developed RF-UIoT system can successfully power up and transmit more than 1 kilobyte of data within 10 seconds of wireless charging, followed by an additional 1.7 kilobytes of data every 1.6 seconds thereafter.
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