Abstract
We investigated the outage performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in satellite-terrestrial systems which contain hardware impairments. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was implemented to forward signals from a satellite to users on the ground. A two-user model was applied to achieve spectral efficiency. In practical, real-life scenarios, the UAV and ground users encounter issues with imperfect hardware. We examined the performance gap between two users experiencing practical problems such as hardware impairment and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). To implement a practical scenario, Shadow-Rician fading was adopted in the satellite links, and Rician fading was employed in the terrestrial links for ground users. In the main results, we derived the closed-form expression of the outage probability, and to evaluate the system performance of two NOMA users, we obtained the approximate expressions for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Finally, we produced Monte-Carlo simulations to verify the analytical expressions and demonstrate the effect of the main system parameters, such as the number of transmit antennas on the satellite, transmit SNR, and level of hardware impairment on the system performance metric.
Highlights
With the development of the fifth generation (5G) network, satellite communications has emerged as a promising technology for application in the 5G ecosystem
To achieve optimal fairness in the user group, we considered the system performance of a user pair affected by interference from conventional user equipment (CUE)
The Shadowed-Rician fading parameters are listed in Table 3, and the parameters for the numerical results are summarized in Table 4, where BPCU refers to bit per channel use
Summary
With the development of the fifth generation (5G) network, satellite communications has emerged as a promising technology for application in the 5G ecosystem. To improve spectrum use and serve multiple users in the same time and frequency domains, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is regarded as one of the technologies which can be applied to address this problem [1]. To minimize masking effects and improve reliability, hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks have been implemented as solutions which apply various. In [3] and [4], the authors studied outage probability and ergodic capacity and demonstrated the performance of hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks which rely on the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay protocol. In [7], NOMA in a downlink mobile satellite network was explored and applied to terrestrial users. They derived the closed-form expressions for outage probability and ergodic and energy efficiency to validate the effectiveness of proposed system model. In [8], the authors proposed a NOMA cooperative scheme with satellite
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