Tyrosinase Inhibition, Antiglycation, and Antioxidant Activity of Xylocarpus granatum

Irmanida Batubara,Yogo Suro Priyadi,Kilala Tilaar,Saat Egra,Erna Subroto,Wulan Tri Wahyuni,Waras Nurcholis,Nevianti Zamany,Fransiska Devy Junardy,M Muhid Mustofa

doi:10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i1.22676

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum is mangrove plant that traditionally used as face powder in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia which related to antioxidant, antiglycation and tyrosinase inhibition activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of X. granatum as a tyrosinase inhibitor, antiglycation, and antioxidant. The leaves, stem, stem bark, fruit flesh, fruit peel, and kernel of X. granatum were extracted using ethanol then their tyrosinase inhibition, antiglycation, and antioxidant were evaluated. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was evaluated using in vitro assay with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as the substrate of monophenolase and diphenolase. Antiglycation activity was studied by measuring the excitation and emission fluorescence from glucose and fructose reaction with Bovine Serum Albumin. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of fruit flesh has higher potency as tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 of 393.8 mg/L and IC50 of 448 mg/L, respectively for monophenolase and diphenolase). Antiglycation assay showed that the ethanolic extract of stem bark provides the strongest antiglycation activity with an IC50 of 118.1 mg/L. Meanwhile, fruit peel provides the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 5.5 mg/L. Fractionation of ethanolic extracts of each part of X. granatum tree yield fractions with lower bioactivity compared to the crude extract. Moreover, stem extract and fractions from two different locations (Tarakan and Kendari) tend to have different bioactivities strengths. The stem part of X granatum could be developed as new raw material of cosmetic product in Indonesia, while ethanol as the solvent for extraction, and the different bioactivity of stem extract from different location can be the consideration for the industry to standardize the extract prior to production of final product.

Highlights

Xylocarpus granatum is a mangrove species grows in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests and native to Tropical mangrove forests (Allen et al, 2003)
Zamani et al (2015) reported that fruit peel of X. granatum has antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, make this plant is prospective to be utilized as an active ingredient of cosmetic
The amount of fruit that can be collected from X. granatum tree is limited

Summary

Introduction

Xylocarpus granatum is a mangrove species grows in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests and native to Tropical mangrove forests (Allen et al, 2003). This mangrove species is widely used by the local community as traditional medicinal plants, while the wood of this plant is used to make boats and furniture. Another study reported that the extract of X. granatum seed kernel has antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity (Zamani et al, 2015). Based on that local knowledge, the potency of X. granatum as a cosmetic ingredient and personal care is an interesting aspect to be explored. Cosmetics that contain antioxidants are needed because it can protect the skin from the radical species that cause damage to the skin

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Conclusion