Types of crafts and transformation processes of the population of eastern Bukhara principles

Abstract

This article explores the differences in (he types of handicrafts that arc located in the Eastern Bukhara principalities, which include: In Karshi principality - carpet weaving, pottery, embroidery, jewelry, knitting, making weapons, blacksmithing; In Shakhrisabz principality - small cannons, various glass products, jewelry, leather craft in Sherabad principality - mainly carpet weaving, pottery, boat building; in Baysun principality - blacksmithing and ironworking, manufacturing tools, used in agriculture, confectionery; in Denau and Yurchi principality - carpentry (engraving, etc.), sewing clothes, making various decorations. In particular, the cities of Surkhandarya, Denau, Termez, Baysun, Sherabad, Karshi, Shahrisabz and Kitab were considered a kind of industrial and commercial center and played an important role in the economic, political and cultural life of the Bukhara Emirate. Also, such types of handicraft as weaving, pottery, blacksmithing, carpentry, leather craft are the leading sector of the economy of Southern Uzbekistan. In addition, home-made craftsmanship for processing raw materials is well lit, these types of crafts are located near the city. In the study of handicraft of southern Uzbekistan, the development of ancient traditions can be traced. There are also examples that in the second half of the XIX century - the beginning of the XX century handicraft underwent a crisis, and the production of goods began a new period, in particular, when importing ready-made and high-quality products from foreign factories and plants, the quality of goods from local manufacturers, weaving significantly decreased and some types of handicraft failed. In the article the author irradiates the roles and revenge of the craft centres of the cities of Sherabad, Denau, Termez, Baysun, Karshi, Kitab, Shahrisabz, Guzar in the life of the population in the southern regions of Uzbekistan by the late XIX and early XX centuries. Also in the article the author gives valuable information about the industrial products of Russian and European-facilities and factories displase the products of local handicraft counter of local markets.