Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Distress in Thailand.

Sombat Skulphan,Surinporn Likhitsathian,Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai,Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon,Kongprai Tunsuchart

doi:10.3390/ijerph17072329

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate prevalence and factors potentially associated with diabetes-related distress (DRD) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a primary health care center in Thailand. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 370 patients with T2DM. Data were collected at primary health care centers in Hang Dong District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. DRD was assessed using the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17). The association between sociodemographic characteristics and other factors with DRD was analyzed using the Fisher t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. The association between Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and DRD was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The participants had a mean age of 60.95 ± 7.96, and most were female (68.1%). Of the participants with DRD, 8.9% had moderate to high levels of distress. Education level and family support were significantly associated with the overall level of DRD. Additionally, HbA1c and co-morbidity were also significantly associated with DRD, as were emotional burden and regimen distress. Multiple linear regression analysis found that increased HbA1c was positively associated with increased DRD after adjusting for age, sex, education, duration of T2DM, co-morbidity, diabetic complications, and family support. Screening with DRD may be beneficial in T2DM patients.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and one of the most common metabolic disorders globally
A study in Germany conducted at a tertiary care facility reported the prevalence of diabetes-related distress (DRD) was 8.9% using the Problem Area in Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire, the same level found in this study
Our study found that education level and family support were both significantly associated with the level of total diabetes-related distress (p = 0.007 and p = 0.037, respectively)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and one of the most common metabolic disorders globally. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported in 2019 that 436 million adults were living with diabetes around the world, and that this number was projected to increase to 700 million by 2045 [1]. 90% of the total were type 2 DM (T2DM) [1]. Thailand has the seventh largest diabetic patient population in the Western Pacific [2], with a prevalence of 9.9% in the adult population [3]. Diabetes is a leading cause of death in Thailand. Of the more than 200,000 deaths annually due to chronic non-communicable diseases in Thailand, approximately 30,000 (15%) are due to diabetes [4]

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