Type 2 diabetes: epidemiological changes at Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social—associated with complications in Mexico

Abstract

Mexico is a country with a high frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM-related complications can increase the number of medical appointments and hospitalizations, impact patient quality of life, and exacerbate hospital care costs. The goals of this study were to analyze epidemiological data of DM2 over the last 10 years and to compare its comorbidities and mortality in individuals listed at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in 2013 and 2015. The database was compiled for doctors, validated by engineers in computer systems, and analyzed by statisticians. E-10-E-14 registered patients with DM2 (based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)) from 2005, 2013, and 2015 were analyzed through the Family Medicine Units and Non-Communicable Diseases Analysis System (SANENT)® databases. Incidence, comorbidity, and mortality were described. We included 29,525,905 individuals, including 3,395,389 DM2 patients, in 2013, and 31,389,711 individuals, including 3,547,006 DM2 patients, in 2015, in the IMSS. The incidences of DM2 in 2005 and 2015 were 124 and 120 per 100,000 IMSS members, respectively, without significant differences. The diabetes complications caused partial disability in 253 and 341 per 100,000 individuals in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Overall mortality decreased from 2005 to 2015 (rates of 594 vs. 350 per 100,000 persons; p < 0.001). Though the overall mortality and incidence of DM2 decreased from 2005 to 2015, the complications maintained the same prevalence rates in 2013 and 2015; however, disability complications increased in 2013 and 2015, emphasizing the need for proper control methods acting over this dual axis.