Abstract
BackgroundHere we study the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on bone cell precursors, turnover and cytokines involved in the control of bone cell formation and activity.MethodsWe enrolled in the study 21 T2DM women and 21 non diabetic controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI). In each subject we measured bone cell precursors, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Sclerostin (SCL) and Dickoppf-1 (DKK-1) as cytokines involved in the control of osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity, bone density (BMD) and quality trough trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone turnover. T2DM patients and controls were compared for the analyzed variables by one way ANOVA for Gaussian ones and by Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test for non-Gaussian variables.ResultsRANKL was decreased and DKK-1 increased in T2DM. Accordingly, patients with T2DM have lower bone turnover compared to controls. BMD and TBS were not significantly different from healthy controls. Bone precursor cells were more immature in T2DM. However the number of osteoclast precursors was increased and that of osteoblasts decreased.ConclusionsPatients with T2DM have more immature bone cells precursors, with increased number of osteoclasts and decreased osteoblasts, confirming low bone turnover and reduced cytokines such as RANKL and DKK-1. BMD and TBS are not significantly altered in T2DM although, in contrast with other studies, this may be due to the match of patients and controls for BMI rather than age.
Highlights
We study the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on bone cell precursors, turnover and cytokines involved in the control of bone cell formation and activity
In this paper we show the effect of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on bone turnover, bone precursors cells and cytokines involved in bone turnover taking into account the confounding factor of obesity and age
T2DM affects bone precursors cell To evaluate if T2DM affects circulating bone precursors cells, we measured circulating OB and OC precursor cells and cytokines involved in osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and in the regulation of bone turnover
Summary
We study the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on bone cell precursors, turnover and cytokines involved in the control of bone cell formation and activity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of fragility fractures [1], even though it is often associated with increased bone density [1, 2]. How T2DM affects bone is still controversial. Several studies suggest that obesity protects against bone loss in diabetic patients [7,8,9]. Recent data suggest that obesity, regardless of the presence of T2DM, is associated with a favorable bone microarchitecture and greater bone strength at the distal radius and distal tibia [10]. T2DM may affect bone metabolism influencing osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) formation and
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