Abstract
A new Two-Sided Drainage Handsheet Machine (TSDHM) was developed and compared to the Standard British Handsheet Machine (Standard Machine). The results show that fines and filler distribution in handsheets produced in the one-sided drainage mode by the TSDHM closely mimics the fines and filler distribution of the Standard Machine. When the drainage was reversed on the TSDHM from the classical 100% bottom to 100% top, the fines and filler profiles in the handsheets could be reverted. The two-sided drainage mode on the TSDHM can produce fines and filler profiles across the paper thickness that are completely different from the one-sided drainage mode. These profiles are more representative of top and twin-wire formers.
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