Abstract
This paper presents an L-shaped sparsely-distributed vector sensor (SD-VS) array with four different antenna compositions. With the proposed SD-VS array, a novel two-dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation method is proposed to handle the scenario where uncorrelated and coherent sources coexist. The uncorrelated and coherent sources are separated based on the moduli of the eigenvalues. For the uncorrelated sources, coarse estimates are acquired by extracting the DOA information embedded in the steering vectors from estimated array response matrix of the uncorrelated sources, and they serve as coarse references to disambiguate fine estimates with cyclical ambiguity obtained from the spatial phase factors. For the coherent sources, four Hankel matrices are constructed, with which the coherent sources are resolved in a similar way as for the uncorrelated sources. The proposed SD-VS array requires only two collocated antennas for each vector sensor, thus the mutual coupling effects across the collocated antennas are reduced greatly. Moreover, the inter-sensor spacings are allowed beyond a half-wavelength, which results in an extended array aperture. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and favorable performance of the proposed method.
Highlights
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using a sensor array has been a fundamental issue in many practical applications involving radar, wireless communication systems, and navigation [1,2]
Each six-component vector sensor is composed of three orthogonally oriented dipoles plus three orthogonally oriented loops, which is subjected to the mutual coupling effects
Consider an L-shaped sparsely-distributed vector sensor (SD-VS) array consisting of dipole-dipole, loop-loop or dipole-loop antenna pairs distributed along the x-axis and y-axis with the inter-sensor spacings far larger than a half-wavelength (i.e., ∆x " λ{2 and ∆y " λ{2, λ denotes the source wave length)
Summary
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using a sensor array has been a fundamental issue in many practical applications involving radar, wireless communication systems, and navigation [1,2]. In practical environments, sources from an identical target may go through reflection from various surfaces, and the received sources may be a mixture of uncorrelated and coherent sources In such environments, the methods mentioned above would suffer from serious performance deterioration owing to the rank deficiency of array covariance matrix caused by the multipath propagation. Considering the importance of polarization information for DOA resolution, and further for target classification and recognition, it is a critical issue to estimate the polarization parameters of mixed sources along with the DOA parameters To address these issues, we present an L-shaped sparsely-distributed vector sensor (SD-VS) array with four different antenna compositions in this paper, which provides two notable advantages:.
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