Abstract
The paper deals with the optimization of the sparse planar antenna array for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in two dimensions (azimuth and elevation). The optimization algorithm was proposed on the basis of the peak sidelobe level (SLL) and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) parameters. In empirical validation, we have set up a measurement system to test the efficiency of an optimized array configuration. The array was configured using the patch antennas with frequency band 2.4 GHz. In comparison with several popular array configurations, the experimental results show that the proposed antenna array was optimized, and it provided higher accuracy and resolution in two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation.
Highlights
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation refers to the process of finding the direction information of the electromagnetic or acoustic waves, which are impinging on a sensor or an antenna array [1]
The DOA estimation techniques are usually applied for the uniform and non-sparse arrays, such as uniform linear arrays (ULAs), uniform rectangular arrays (URAs) and uniform L-shaped arrays [3,4,5]
In spite of 2D DOA sufficient estimation capability, those two particular configurations have the disadvantage of limited array aperture, which leads to decreasing the accuracy in DOA determination [4,5,6,7]
Summary
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation refers to the process of finding the direction information of the electromagnetic or acoustic waves, which are impinging on a sensor or an antenna array [1]. Different approaches had been presented to optimize the element positions in the non-uniform linear array for DOA estimation of a single incoming signal. These methods were proposed based on the minimization of CramerRao bound (CRB), and Weiss-Weinstein bound (WWB) [12, 13]. A non-uniform linear array could be optimized based on the parameters of peak sidelobe level (SLL) and half-power beamwidth (HPBW or θ–3dB) This optimization algorithm has reached better performance in DOA estimation for the case of multiple incoming signals [14].
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