Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
Injection of CO2 into underground reservoirs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, known as geological carbon sequestration, is one of the major proposed technological solutions to meet future global temperature targets (Bickle 2009; Bui et al 2018). 922 A7-1G.P
Since little is known about the geological heterogeneities at Sleipner, we investigate all the different types of layering we studied earlier, and we account for how uncertainty in such layering may propagate to uncertainty in the modelling predictions
We have studied the upscaled effect of several different types of heterogeneity on the evolution of an axisymmetric gravity current under an impermeable cap rock
Summary
Injection of CO2 into underground reservoirs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, known as geological carbon sequestration, is one of the major proposed technological solutions to meet future global temperature targets (Bickle 2009; Bui et al 2018). 922 A7-1G.P. During this process, the injected CO2 rises as a buoyant plume within the porous aquifer, encountering impermeable cap rocks which force it to spread laterally as a gravity current. As the flow spreads out, capillary forces play a key role in determining the saturation distribution and consequent flow properties via the relative permeability and capillary pressure (Nordbotten & Celia 2011). Heterogeneities in rock properties at the 1–100 cm scales substantially amplify and complicate the effect of variations in pore-scale capillary forces, and are manifest in the large-scale saturation distributions within the CO2 current. In order to ensure safe and efficient sequestration, it is imperative to be able to model how small-scale heterogeneities, which are ubiquitous in all subsurface reservoirs, affect spreading rates at the macroscale (Jackson & Krevor 2020; Benham, Bickle & Neufeld 2021)
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