Abstract
This paper presents two new theories and a new current representation to explain the magnetic force between two filamentary current elements as a result of electric force interactions between current charges. The first theory states that a current has an electric charge relative to its moving observer. The second theory states that the magnetic force is an electric force in origin. The new current representation characterizes a current as equal amounts of positive and negative point charges moving in opposite directions at the speed of light. Previous work regarded electricity and magnetism as different aspects of the same subject. One effort was made by Johnson to unify the origin of electricity and magnetism, but this effort yielded a formula that is unequal to the well-known magnetic force law. The explanation provided for the magnetic force depends on three factors: 1) representing the electric current as charges moving at the speed of light, 2) considering the relative velocity between moving charges, and 3) analyzing the electric field spreading in the space due to the movement of charges inside current elements. The electric origin of the magnetic force is proved by deriving the magnetic force law and Biot-Savart law using the electric force law. This paper is helpful for unifying the concepts of magnetism and electricity.
Highlights
INCE the invention of the voltaic cell in the early 19th century, many experiments have been conducted to study the force produced by two constant currents in loops; this force has been considered a new force and is different from the force produced by electrostatic charges [1]
A positive sign may be entered into the equations for positive charges, such as protons. This makes the direction of the overall force appear correctly, as in 8 above, 10) Two objects cannot occupy the same position in the same space at the same time, 11) The amount and direction of a constant current flowing in a current element are constants and independent of its receiver, 12) Charges of a filamentary current are enforced to move freely along the filamentary curve only, without affecting it by any force and not permitted to leave it
This paper provides two new theories and a new current representation to explain the magnetic force between two filamentary current elements as a result of electric force interactions between current charges
Summary
INCE the invention of the voltaic cell in the early 19th century, many experiments have been conducted to study the force produced by two constant currents in loops; this force has been considered a new force and is different from the force produced by electrostatic charges [1]. The acceleration of a charge creates a new velocity that changes the electric field that spreads out over the new inertial frame at the speed of light, 7) The charge value, q, is invariant from one inertial frame to another, 8) A positive sign on the overall electric/magnetic force represents repulsion, while a negative sign represents attraction, 9) A negative sign must be entered into the equations for negative charges, such as electrons. This makes the direction of the overall force appear correctly, as in 8 above, 10) Two objects cannot occupy the same position in the same space at the same time, 11) The amount and direction of a constant current flowing in a current element are constants and independent of its receiver, 12) Charges of a filamentary current are enforced to move freely along the filamentary curve only, without affecting it by any force and not permitted to leave it These postulates and assumptions are used to construct the concepts and theories developed in this work
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