Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale), a valuable relative of wheat, contains abundant powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes. Using physical mapping, transcriptome sequencing, barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing, ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis, and stable transformation, we isolated and validated two coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) alleles, PmTR1 and PmTR3, located on rye chromosome 6RS from different triticale lines. PmTR1 confers age-related resistance starting from the three-leaf stage, whereas its allele, PmTR3, confers typical all-stage resistance, which may be associated with their differential gene expression patterns. Overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the CC, CC-NBS, and CC-LRR fragments of PMTR1 induce cell death, whereas in PMTR3 the CC and full-length fragments perform this function. Luciferase complementation imaging and pull-down assays revealed distinct interaction activities between the CC and NBS fragments. Our study elucidates two novel rye-derived Pm genes and their derivative germplasm resources and provides novel insights into the mechanism of age-related resistance, which can aid the improvement of resistance against wheat powdery mildew.
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