Two-dimensional thermoresponsive sub-microporous substrate for accelerated cell tissue growth and facile detachment

Abstract

Thermoresponsive sub-microporous films having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), promptly obtained by using the breath figure method, were applied to tissue engineering. These sub-microporous films, sized 100–400 nm, were prepared by blending poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with polystyrene (PS), in addition to applying the dynamic breath figure (BF) method. The thermoresponsive blends were prepared with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by using a spin coater; the pore size was modulated according to the spin speed. The sub-microporous films, either with pure PNIPAAm or with different PNIPAAm contents were applied as substrates in order to obtain cell growth (Vero cells); moreover, the effect of PNIPAAm use was evaluated. The PNIPAAm sub-microporous films made the cellular viability to be 9-13-fold higher than the control sample commonly used in cell culture. In addition, the thermoresponsive PNIPAAm properties were even noticed at a low PNIPAAm content in the porous films. Such polymer system was successfully applied to detach the Vero cell tissue using temperature variation.