Abstract
Space-time consistency is of great importance for mapping things from physical world to cyber world, which could be one of the fundamental issues in constructing cyber-physical system (CPS). A two-dimensional code spatiotemporal modeling method is proposed in this paper. We apply the two-dimensional code as an information carrier to store object's characteristics (object's ID, attributes, instructions, spatiotemporal data, etc.), the smartphone as a mobile device to obtain the object's real-time spatiotemporal data with its system time and GPS module; then the object's spatiotemporal information can be transmitted and stored in a backend server with a database. Meanwhile, the object's spatiotemporal information can also be inquired by smartphone users and other web users. A use case that applied this proposed method to trace object's smartphone information is described later, and the result shows that tracing objects with two-dimensional code has many advantages, such as fast reading and transmitting, low cost, and robust, confidential, and strong readability; furthermore, the proposed modeling method keeps the consistency of object's time and space in CPS.
Highlights
Nowadays, two-dimensional code has developed into a very prevalent stage in modern commercial activities, such as product antiforgery, ad serving, web links, data downloading, commodity transaction, positioning and navigation, electronic certificates, information transfer, and Wi-Fi sharing
RFID solution can help companies to trace their products throughout the entire lifecycle, but this solution costs a little higher. 2D data matrix codes are a lower cost alternative which owns the merits of high accuracy and low cost [1]
The two-dimensional code used as an information carrier to store and transmit data in the proposed spatiotemporal modeling has some unique advantages [8, 9]: (i) informative: the two-dimensional code can store as many as 1850 capitals, or 2710 Arabic numbers, or 1108 byte data, and it can store more than 500 Chinese; (ii) great correction ability: the information in twodimensional code can still be decoded when the code is partly damaged, and even 50% of the code area is damaged; (iii) high reliable decoding: its error rate is less than 1/10,000,000 that is much lower than general code, which is 2/1,000,000; (iv) high security: the related special decoding algorithm should be applied when the two-dimensional code is encoded in a special way
Summary
Two-dimensional code has developed into a very prevalent stage in modern commercial activities, such as product antiforgery, ad serving, web links, data downloading, commodity transaction, positioning and navigation, electronic certificates, information transfer, and Wi-Fi sharing. 2D data matrix codes are a lower cost alternative which owns the merits of high accuracy and low cost [1] These applications need specific read devices to read and decode two-dimensional codes. A spatiotemporal model to trace objects with two-dimensional codes printed or pasted on them is proposed. The time and space attributes of objects keep consistent. The authors take the advantages of twodimensional code and smartphones to accomplish a spatiotemporal modeling and realize objects tracing. The features of two-dimensional code and smartphones provide many benefits to trace objects. The two-dimensional code based spatiotemporal modeling method is introduced in detail, including its system architecture and the specific working procedure.
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