Abstract
This paper presents a new wind speed measurement method using a single capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). The CMUT was arranged perpendicular to the direction of the wind flow, and a reflector was set up a short distance away, facing the CMUT. To reduce the size, weight, cost, and power consumption of conventional ultrasonic anemometers this study proposes two CMUT designs for the measurement of wind speed using either the amplitude of the signal or the time of flight (TOF). Each CMUT with a double array element design can transmit and receive signals in five different operation modes. Experiments showed that the two CMUT designs utilizing the TOF were better than those utilizing the amplitude of the signal for wind speed measurements ranging from 1 m/s to 10 m/s, providing a measurement error of less than 0.2 m/s. These results indicate that the sensitivity of the TOF is independent of the five operation modes.
Highlights
Capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) emerged as an interesting alternative to piezoelectric transducers in the mid-1990s [1,2]
These results indicate that the sensitivity of the time of flight (TOF) is independent of the five operation modes
We propose two CMUT designs to measure wind speed, based on the TOF and amplitude of ultrasonic signals between transmission and reception
Summary
Capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) emerged as an interesting alternative to piezoelectric transducers in the mid-1990s [1,2]. The measurement of fluid speed, wind speed, using ultrasonic transducers has been found to have important scientific and industrial applications [7,8]. Wind speed measurements can be applied in industrial fields, and for the purpose of environmental monitoring and the control of various systems, such as indoor air conditioning systems, weather forecasting systems, and other sensors [9,10]. Some applications, such as those providing an evaluative measurement of wind speed for wind power generation, require measurements with low levels of uncertainty [11]. To design an instrument for measuring wind speed with measurement uncertainty that is as low as possible, a detailed study of the sources of measurement uncertainties and their propagation was conducted [12]
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