Abstract
The cultural development cannot help displaying the language development as a whole, though it has its brightest reflection in vocabulary. There are no “pure languages” that would have evolved for over the millennia without any influence of the linguistic environment and neighbors. Ukraine's entry to the European cultural and educational sphere in the 16th-17th centuries contributed to spread and use on its territories such languages as: Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Yiddish, Armenian, Turkish, Kipchat-Tatar, Polish, German, Hungarian, Moldovan, Italian, French, etc. Written sources of the Ukrainian language of the 16th-17th centuries demonstrate the results of linguistic symbiosis – borrowings from different languages, among that Turkism is quantifiable. Borrowings from the Turkic languages are presented in almost all thematic groups of vocabulary, except for the judiciary, the mental activity (mental state) of a person, their language activity, influence, and will. The majority of Turkism is represented in the military sphere, which was caused by the long wars of Ukraine with the Turkic-speaking states, and also in the field of marking imported Eastern goods, in particular the names of fabrics, clothing, dishes, spices, seasoning, etc. Most of these lexemes function in modern Ukrainian language. Ukrainian linguists have done the first steps in the context of studying Ukrainian-Turkic interaction and outlined the main periods of Turkic-speaking influence, ways of the Turkism introduction into the Ukrainian language. However, there are also some gaps in the study of this problem, such as research on the influence of Turkic languages at different chronological levels of the Ukrainian language development and their role in forming the Ukrainian linguistic world. This paper will help closing these gaps.
Highlights
Language as a way of the world verbalization is constantly changing
F.P Sorokoletov rightly noted that the history of the vocabulary of a particular thematic group reproduces the state of craft and production development (Sorokoletov, 1970: 23)
The Turkic influence among all non-Slavic languages, with which the Ukrainian language contacted, was the greatest, since the Ukrainian-Turkic language contacts date back to the days of the early Eastern Slavic era, when the steppes of the Northern Black Sea were controlled by Turkic-speaking nomadic tribal associations of Huns (4th-5th centuries), AvarsAubrey (6th century), Bulgars (6th-7th centuries) and Khazars (7th-10th centuries), displaced by Pechenigs (9th-11th centuries), which gave way to the Kypchak-Kuman-Polovtsians (11th-13th centuries), and the last conceded to the Crimean Tatars and Nogai of the Golden Horde
Summary
Significant historical events, the activities of prominent and influential personalities stimulate and direct linguistic dynamics. The markers of dynamics of extra-linguistic reality, changes of material and production spheres, cultural dominant of society are changes of the lexicon (Grytsenko, 2019). “The development of culture cannot help affecting the development of the language as a whole, but, first and foremost, it is clearly reflected on its vocabulary” (Kremlin, 1992: 83). It is demonstrated by Ukrainian memos of the 16th-17th centuries, the filling of which with borrowed lexemes increased significantly in comparison with the previous period. F.P Sorokoletov rightly noted that the history of the vocabulary of a particular thematic group reproduces the state of craft and production development (Sorokoletov, 1970: 23)
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