Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of chitosan-coated nano-propolis (NP), which is synthesized via a green sonochemical method, and propolis on the side effects of cisplatin (CP), which is a widely used drug in the treatment of cancer. For this aim, 56 rats were divided into seven groups, balancing their body weights (BW). The study was designed as Control, CP (3 mg/kg BW at single dose of CP as intraperitoneal, ip), Propolis (100 mg/kg BW per day of propolis by gavage), NP-10 (10 mg/kg BW of NP per day by gavage), CP + Propolis (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 100 mg/kg BW of propolis), CP + NP-10 (3 mg/kg CP and 10 mg/kg BW of NP), and CP + NP-30 (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 30 mg/kg BW of NP). Propolis and NP (especially NP-30) were preserved via biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and activation of apoptotic pathways (anti-apoptotic protein: Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein: Bax) in liver and kidney tissues in the toxicity induced by CP. The NP were more effective than propolis at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW and had the potential to ameliorate CP’s negative effects while overcoming serious side effects such as liver and kidney damage.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most prominent health problems of our age and, it used to be ranked as seventh and eighth among terminal illnesses in the early part of the century, today it is ranked as second, following cardiac diseases in many countries of the world including Turkey
Body weights (BW) (p < 0.01) on day 21, BWC (p < 0.01) and FI (p < 0.05) in the 1–21 day period of rats treated with CP administration were significantly decreased in comparison with those of the control (Table 1)
In parallel with the results of previous studies [51,57], the results of this study showed that propolis reduced oxidative damage caused by CP toxicity in tissues
Summary
Cancer is one of the most prominent health problems of our age and, it used to be ranked as seventh and eighth among terminal illnesses in the early part of the century, today it is ranked as second, following cardiac diseases in many countries of the world including Turkey. Treatment methods of cancer usually include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy and one or several of these methods is/are used in the treatment according to individual characteristics of patients diagnosed with cancer and the severity of illness. Chemotherapy is a treatment method that has selective lethal effects, especially against multiplying cells, and is performed with natural or synthetic chemical and biological agents, and hormones. There are chemotherapy-related difficulties and toxic effects depending on the method used [1]. Hazardous chemicals’ wastes containing cisplatin (CP) are released into the environment in various departments
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