Abstract
Existing laminar withdrawal analyses have been extended to turbulent withdrawal regimes. Two models are presented and discussed: a laminar—turbulent model for intermediate Reynolds ranges, where turbulence may develop upstream in the bulk liquid, and a turbulent—turbulent model for higher Reynolds ranges, where the turbulence extends to the substrate film adhering to the withdrawn wall. The physical mechanisms associated with the laminar and turbulent models are introduced to stress the role of the developing boundary layer and the resulting stagnation point in the hydrodynamics of withdrawal and wavy film flow.
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