Abstract
This work aimed to study the cavity mechanism of surrounding rock at the bottom of a tunnel under the combined action of heavy-haul train load and groundwater. The study location was the Taihangshan Mountain Tunnel in Wari Railway, which is the first tunnel in China, constructed according to the 30 tons heavy-haul railway standards. Based on the water and soil pressure data measured in previous, the surrounding rock deterioration range and depth at the bottom of the heavy-haul railway tunnel under different axle loads and surrounding rock conditions were analysed by using a combination of laboratory test and discrete element method. The results showed objective defects in the bottom surrounding rock that appeared after the construction was completed, which provided a channel for groundwater. The groundwater flushed the surrounding rock at the bottom of the heavy-haul tunnels as time passed, and the dynamic action of heavy-haul trains caused the surrounding rock particles to gradually become loose, which was especially noticeable for the defect location in the weak surrounding rock. An increase in the axle load and a deterioration in the surrounding rock condition could aggravate the tunnel bottom cavity. The findings can be used to generate ideas for defects prediction and treatment methods for heavy-haul railway tunnels.
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