Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) provide subwavelength electric field confinement ranging from microwave to the visible. Several approaches have been explored to manipulate SPPs with a typical modulation capability of only a few percent. Here, active control of SPPs using monolithically fabricated Schottky diodes has been first designed and realized, achieving a continuous and significant modulation of transmission, reflection, and absorption. The SPPs propagating on a metal line are attenuated by using split ring resonators (SRRs) with an In–Ga–Zn–O Schottky diode bridging each SRR split gap. The resistance of the diodes can be tuned over a range of a few orders of magnitude with bias voltage, which continuously transforms each SRR to a metallic quasi-loop with subdued resonance. A remarkable modulation of 40% and 19% was demonstrated for the transmission and absorption, respectively, which to the best of our knowledge has not been achieved before.
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