Abstract
BackgroundOsteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children. Poor prognosis has always been a difficult problem for patients with osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients. The aim of our research was to construct a risk score model based on TIICs to predict the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.MethodsCIBERSORTX algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of 22 TIIC types in osteosarcoma samples. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to investigate the prognostic value of 22 TIIC types. Forward stepwise approach was used to screen a minimal set of immune cell types. Multivariate Cox PHR analysis was performed to construct an immune risk score model.ResultsOsteosarcoma samples with CIBERSORTX output p value less than 0.05 were selected for research. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that naive B cells (p = 0.047) and Monocytes (p = 0.03) in osteosarcoma are associated with poor prognosis. An immune risk score model was constructed base on eight immune cell types, and the ROC curve showed that the immune risk score model is reliable in predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma (AUC = 0.724). Besides, a nomogram model base on eight immune cell types was constructed to predict the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma.ConclusionsTIICs are closely related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma. The immune risk score model based on TIICs is reliable in predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma.
Highlights
Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children
The landscape of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in osteosarcoma CIBERSORTX algorithm was used to screen out samples with CIBERSORTX output P value less than 0.05 in GSE16091, GSE21257 and GSE39055 data sets for research
The results revealed that the proportion of TIIC types in osteosarcoma were B cells naïve (5.14%), B cells memory (0.88%), Plasma cells (1.77%), T cellsCD8(6.43%), T cells CD4 naive (0.90%), T cells CD4 memory resting (0.74%), T cells CD4 memory activated (1.02%), T cells follicular helper (4.79%), Tregs (2.40%), T cells gamma delta (6.02%), NK cells resting (0.38%), NK cells activated (2.26%), Monocytes (1.53%), Macrophages M0 (40.54%), Macrophages M1 (3.66%), Macrophages M2(13.34%), Dendritic cells resting (1.40%), Dendritic cells activated (0.79%), Mast cells resting (2.88%), Mast cells activated (2.43%), Eosinophils (0.05%), Neutrophils (0.62%), respectively
Summary
Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children. Poor prognosis has always been a difficult problem for patients with osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in adolescents and children, with an incidence of 8–11 per million in the 15–19 age group [1,2,3]. Chemotherapy along with surgery is the main clinical treatment, Recent advances in the study of tumor microenvironment (TME) have opened up new directions for the study of osteosarcoma [8, 9]. Recent studies have found a significant correlation between the TIICs in TME and prognosis in cancer patients. In colorectal cancer, Chen et al BMC Cancer (2020) 20:1022
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