Tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection

Abstract

In Ukraine, epidemics of two socially dangerous diseases tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection) are developing at an accelerated pace. According to the literature, more than 30 % of HIV-infected people get TB and about 40—80 % of those who get sick die.Objective — to assess the epidemic situation of tuberculosis, HIV infection, tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection in Ukraine. To study the features of the clinic, diagnostics, course and treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected people.Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on HIV-associated tuberculosis over the past 10 years.Results and discussion. The main epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis, HIV infection and the combination of tuberculosis with HIV infection in Ukraine are described. The peculiarities of the clinical, radiological picture and course of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons depending on the stage of HIV infection are analyzed. TB still remains the leading cause of death for HIV patients.Conclusions. Against the background of HIV infection, the risk of TB infection and reactivation of tuberculous endogenous infection increases significantly. TB/HIV/AIDS co-infection is characterized by the development of multiorgan tuberculosis. Diagnosis of tuberculosis on the background of HIV infection, especially with CD4+ T-lymphocytes < 200 in 1 mm3 of blood, is much more difficult. TB treatment for TB/HIV co-infection can only be successful with antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy and co-trimoxazole are prescribed regardless of the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes.