Abstract
We present a review on the natural infection by trypanosomatids of nonhuman vertebrates in Chile, aiming to synthesize and update the knowledge on the diversity of trypanosomatids infecting native and alien vertebrate species. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of literature records published from 1900 to April 2020 on four databases, focusing on the 21 genera of trypanosomatids and Chile. The methods and findings of our review have been based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (prisma) checklist. We found 29,756 records but only 71 presented relevant information for this review. Overall, there are only two reported trypanosomatid genera infecting vertebrate species in Chile, the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The former is mostly represented by Trypanosoma cruzi (90% of the total records) and to a much lesser extent by Trypanosoma avium, Trypanosoma humboldti, Trypanosoma lewisi, and a couple of unidentified trypanosomatids. A total of 25 mammals have been reported as being infected by T. cruzi, including 14 native and 11 alien species from Orders Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla, and Rodentia. Extensive screening studies using new analytical tools are necessary to grasp the whole potential diversity of trypanosomatid species infecting vertebrates in Chile.
Highlights
Trypanosomatidae corresponds to a diverse family of protozoan parasites of the class Kinetoplastea, whose development is predominantly restricted to a single host species
We detected two genera of trypanosomatids reported in the vertebrates of
Species of these genera have been detected in the mainland, in one island, and in the Pacific Ocean
Summary
Trypanosomatidae corresponds to a diverse family of protozoan parasites of the class Kinetoplastea, whose development is predominantly restricted to a single host species. The main biomes present in continental Chile are (i) deserts and xeric shrublands, (ii) Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub, (iii) montane grasslands and shrublands, and (iv) temperate broadleaf and mixed forests [5]. These geographic features partially explain the low species richness and high levels of endemism found in the flora and fauna of this area [6]
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