Abstract
BackgroundA brachial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare condition accounting for 5% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms. More cases of true BAAs after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) closure have been reported in the past two decades.Case presentationA 60-year-old man who underwent AVF closure after renal transplantation had a true BAA on his left elbow that had grown within the past 6 months. We successfully performed an open repair with end-to-end anastomosis. No complications occurred for 1 year.ConclusionsHigh flow due to AVF and some collateral factors such as the use of steroids and immunosuppressants after renal transplantation, arteriosclerosis, and chronic mechanical stimulation might contribute to BAA formation.
Highlights
A brachial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare condition accounting for 5% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms [1]
The main etiologies of true BAAs are blunt trauma, atherosclerosis, infection, and vasculitis, and more than 50% of all patients with true BAAs have a history of blunt trauma [2]
We reviewed cases of idiopathic true BAAs and evaluated the etiology and optimal treatment for true BAAs
Summary
A brachial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare condition accounting for 5% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms [1]. A recently reported rare cause of true BAAs is arteriovenous fistula (AVF) closure after hemodialysis or renal transplantation [4, 5]. The patient had started hemodialysis 27 years previously from a radiocephalic AVF on the left arm He underwent cadaveric renal transplantation 15 years previously and had been administered immunosuppressive and steroid therapy (tacrolimus at 4 mg/day and prednisolone at 5 mg/ day) to prevent renal rejection. Internal elastic lamina was thinning and partially vanished but a three-layer structure was wellmaintained (Fig. 2d, e); the BAA was diagnosed as a true aneurysm. The patient was in good condition without recurrent symptoms 1 year postoperatively
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