TRP-CHANNELS IN TENDONS: FIRST INSIGHTS, NOVEL QUESTIONS

Abstract

Tendinopathy is a disease associated with pain and tendon degeneration, leading to a decreased range of motion and an increased risk of tendon rupture. The etiology of this frequent disease is still unknown. In other musculoskeletal tissues like cartilage and intervertebral discs, transient receptor potential channels (TRP- channels) were shown to play a major role in the progression of degeneration. Due to their responsiveness to a wide range of stimuli like temperature, pH, osmolarity and mechanical load, they are potentially relevant factors in tendon degeneration as well. We therefore hypothesize that TRP- channels are expressed in tendon cells and respond to degeneration inducing stimuli.By immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, we found three TRP channel members, belonging to the vanilloid (TRPV), and ankyrin (TRPA) subfamily, respectively, to be expressed in healthy human tendon tissue as well as in rodent tendon, with expression being located to cells within the dense tendon proper, as well as to endotenon resident cells. In vitro-inflammatory and ex vivo-mechanical stimulation led to a significant upregulation of TRPA1 expression in tendon cells, which correlates well with the fact that TRPA1 is considered as mechanosensitive channel being sensitized by inflammatory mediators.This is the first description of TRP- channels in human and rodent tendon. As these channels are pharmacologically targetable by both agonists and antagonists, they may represent a promising target for novel treatments of tendinopathy.