Tropical Infections of the CNS: A worldwide problem

Maria Acosta,Douglas Postels,Arushi Gahlot Saini,Pratibha Singhi,Marco Medina,Alfredo Cerisola

doi:10.17724/jicna.2021.224

Abstract

Neuroinfectious diseases continue to have a profound public health impact, particularly in resource-limited settings. Here we summarize the new research into pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities for some of the most frequent and lethal infections affecting the central nervous system, including tuberculosis, malaria, and arboviral infections. Implementation of clinical trials targeting neuroinfectious diseases in resource-limited settings has unique challenges not found when identical research is performed in resource-rich areas. Travel, communications, and technology have improved the mobility of populations worldwide. Immigration and increased international travel make it likely that clinicians worldwide will see patients affected by infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, zika, dengue, chikungunya, and Ebola. Such infections may have devastating consequences for both the individual and the society, particularly if clinicians are not familiar with disease presentation and treatment.

Highlights

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a global problem with profound public health impact, contributing to both the mortality and neurological morbidity in survivors
We summarize the new research into pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities for some of the most frequent and lethal infections affecting the central nervous system, including tuberculosis, malaria, and arboviral infections
Immigration and increased international travel make it likely that clinicians worldwide will see patients affected by infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, zika, dengue, chikungunya, and Ebola

Summary

Introduction

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a global problem with profound public health impact, contributing to both the mortality and neurological morbidity in survivors. The Global Burden of Disease network estimated that in the year 2010, of all deaths in children 1–4 years old, meningitis and encephalitis caused 4·2%, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 5%, malaria 21%, and tuberculosis 1.3% [1]. CNS tuberculosis, including tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and tuberculomas, accounts for 5–10% of all clinical presentations in children.

Results

Conclusion