Trophic role of gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus examined with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 497:215-227 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10519 Trophic role of gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus examined with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis Zachary Olsen1,4,*, Richard Fulford2, Kevin Dillon1, William Graham3 1Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, USA 2United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA 3Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA 4Present address: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, USA *Corresponding author: zachary.olsen@tpwd.texas.gov ABSTRACT: The gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus is an important species of the coastal ecosystem and the target of the largest fishery by landings in the Gulf of Mexico. Menhaden species forage on a variety of plankton and detritus and, by grazing plankton stocks, may provide an important regulatory ecosystem service by reducing organic material loadings. This study used stable isotope analysis to examine the spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic dynamics of food selectivity and trophic role observed in gulf menhaden. The most important dietary item for juvenile (<100 mm total length) fish was phytoplankton (74.0% dietary composition), while that of sub-adults (100-200 mm) and adults (>200 mm) was zooplankton (61.6% for sub-adults and 52.4% for adults). Juvenile fish also utilized detritus when present in the water column, and their diet was more varied among individuals than sub-adult and adult age classes. Juveniles occupied a trophic level approximately one step lower (2.65 ± 0.31; mean ± SE) than sub-adults (3.50 ± 0.21) and adults (3.39 ± 0.19). Spatial dietary variation was related to known ontogenetic habitat shifts (i.e. onshore to offshore stratification of size classes), while temporal variation was minimal, especially in the larger size classes. Since the fishery largely targets age 1+ fish (sub-adults and adults), these results suggest that if overfishing occurs to the extent that it impacts recruitment, it may decrease the resiliency of the inshore Gulf of Mexico ecosystem to eutrophication by decreasing the abundance of juvenile fish seasonally present in this environment. KEY WORDS: Brevoortia patronus · Stable isotopes · Trophic position · Bayesian mixing model · Ecosystem role Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Olsen Z, Fulford R, Dillon K, Graham W (2014) Trophic role of gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus examined with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 497:215-227. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10519 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 497. Online publication date: February 05, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.