Abstract
The present study objectified to evaluate the trophic relationships and the possible aggressive mimicry involving Carnegiella strigata, Carnegiella marthae and Gnathocharax steindachneri, in lowland forest streams. Samplings occurred in November 2002, March and August 2003 in Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR). The total of 943 fish was caught, being 79.43% of C. marthae, 3.18% of C. strigata and 17.39% of G. steindachneri. Stomach contents, degree of stomach repletion, relative volume and frequency of occurrence of food items were evaluated. Thirteen food items were identified, and the presence of terrestrial and aquatic insects indicates the high dependence of these species and the flooded forest. Low feeding overlap was observed between Carnegiella strigata and C. marthae compared to Gnathocharax steindachneri. However, the overlap between the two Carnegiella species was relatively high, which could explain the low frequency of syntopic occurrence among these species, suggesting a possible case of competitive exclusion.
Highlights
In the Amazon ichthyofauna, the species of the Gasteropelecidae family, Carnegiella strigata (Günther, 1864) and Carnegiella marthae (Myers, 1927), which are popularly known as butterfly fish, stand out due to the distinctive body shape and are normally commercialized as ornamental (Anjos et al, 2009; Ladislau et al, 2019)
Samplings were accomplished in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR) located between the black water of Negro river and white water of the rivers Japurá and Solimões .Three streams were selected, two with black water (Baré: 02o 17’S and 64o 40’W and Juá Grande: 02o 29’S and 64o 48’ W); and one with white water (Kalafate: 02o 37’S and 64o 34’W)
The co-occurrence of G. steindachneri and C. marthae, and C. marthae and C. strigata was restricted to the black water environment (Baré stream)
Summary
In the Amazon ichthyofauna, the species of the Gasteropelecidae family, Carnegiella strigata (Günther, 1864) and Carnegiella marthae (Myers, 1927), which are popularly known as butterfly fish, stand out due to the distinctive body shape and are normally commercialized as ornamental (Anjos et al, 2009; Ladislau et al, 2019) This species abundant especially in flooded areas in rivers of dark and white water of Amazon, including lowland forest streams of Central Amazon (Barros et al, 2011; Queiroz et al, 2013). They have as main characteristics, the small body (are small) and the narrow ventral region and an expanded, fan-shaped pectoral waist, consisting of fused and expanded coracoids, pectoral fin elongated and positioned to the top and the side.
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