Abstract
Aim of the study: In this study, cohort structures of the high mountain forests in northeast Turkey were investigated.Material and Methods: Eighteen plots were selected in six sampling units. Treeline, timberline and sub-timberline stands were sampled in each unit. Main results: Structures varied from single-cohort to multi-cohort stands in the research area. The incidence of multiple cohort structures increased towards the timberline and treeline from the sub-timberline. Tree ages ranged from 10 to 150 years in the treeline, 15 to 270 years in the timberline and 13 to 105 years in the sub-timberline. 8 sampled stands were pure and 10 stands were mixed stands. Mixed stands were composed by Sorbus aucuparia, Populus tremula, Fagus orientalis, Picea orientalis and Abies nordmanniana in the treeline. Picea orientalis, Fagus orientalis and Abies nordmanniana were tree species in mixed stands in the timberline and sub-timberline. However, Picea orientalis was dominant in all zones. Numbers of trees in the tree collectives ranged from 2 to 17 in the treeline, 3 to 9 in the timberline and 2 to 3 in the sub-timberline stands. Mean areas per tree in the collectives were 1.77 m2 in the treeline, 2.56 m2 in the timberline and 2.51 m2 in the sub-timberline. Numbers of tree collectives ranged from 6 to 7 in the treeline, 2 to 5 in the timberline and 2 to 3 in the sub-timberline stands. Research highlights: Multi-cohort structures and tree collectives are key factors in silvicultural applications in high mountain forests. Silvicultural treatment such as single-tree selection method, patch and group selection method can be provided because of being suitable for multi-cohort structure.
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